17^th World Congress on Nutrition and Food Chemistry 2018-09-13 September 13-15, 2018

Biography:

Gary D Stoner completed his PhD at the University of Michigan (USA) in 1970, conducted Post-doctoral studies at the University of California-San Diego and, in 1992, joined the Department of Preventive Medicine at Ohio State University as Lucius Wing Chair in Cancer Etiology and Prevention. He has chaired the NIH Chemo/Dietary Prevention and the ACS Nutrition and Environment Study Sections. He is Professor of Medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin and is conducting additional clinical trials of berries for the prevention of esophagus and colon cancer. He has more than 300 peer-reviewed publications, 55 book chapters and has edited 4 books.

Abstract:

Our laboratory has investigated the ability of different formulations of black raspberries (brb) to prevent the development of aerodigestive tract cancers. Preclinical studies have shown protective effects of dietary freeze-dried black raspberries against oral, esophageal and colon cancer in animals. Mechanistically, the berries inhibited tumor development in these sites by reducing abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation, and by increasing apoptosis in carcinogen-treated premalignant tissues. Gene expression changes in these tissues correlated with the cellular events associated with tumor inhibition. Promising preclinical results have led to clinical evaluations in cancer patients or in patients at increased risk for cancer development. The initial clinical study in humans was a phase i trial in which freeze-dried brbs were administered to humans at a dose known to be chemopreventive in animal models. The berries were found to be well tolerated, however, the uptake of both brb anthocyanins and ellagic acid into blood was less than 1% of the administered dose. Thus, berries are most effective in tissues where localized absorption is possible. With this in mind, different formulations of brbs have been evaluated for their effects on preneoplastic lesions or cancers of the human oral cavity, esophagus and colon. These are follows: 1. Oral cavity: topical application of a brb gel to dysplastic lesions (oral leukoplakia) caused histologic regression associated with improved histologic grade and reduced loss of heterozygosity at tumor suppressor gene loci, as well as protective modulation of genes linked to RNA processing and growth factor recycling. 2. Esophagus: in patients with Barrett’s esophagus, oral consumption of brbs increased tissue levels of GST-pi and decreased urinary 8-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. There was little effect on lesion size. 3. Colon: in colorectal cancer patients, brb consumption inhibited cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) and caused demethylation of tumor suppressor genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway. In patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, brb suppositories inhibited rectal polyp progression and improved plasma cytokine profiles. 4. Stomach: because we have found recently that an extract of brbs inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori, there is an ongoing trial to evaluate the effects of brbs on stomach cancer. Common themes across studies support that berries are anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, reduce oxidative stress and restore tumor suppressive activity.

Biography:

Sima Hamadeh is currently an Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator of Nutrition & Dietetics Sciences at Haigazian University (Lebanon). Her interests lies in such areas as the dietary motivations and behaviors in communities; the evolution of nutrition; the epidemiology of obesity especially among youth; the health promotion and communication; and the nutrition policies. Her Master and Doctoral studies were awarded respectively, the “Emerald Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2009” - as Highly Commended Award Winner and the “Prix d’Excellence Scientifique Franco-Libanais 2015” for the outstanding research project. She has several publications in scientific refereed journals and book. She has also many oral communications on public health nutrition in international and national congresses. She works closely with different national ministries and organizations, and international institutions in projects, seminars, researches and community programs. She is also a former Member of several executive international scientific committees and associations.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Food policies have an essential role for preventing global obesity epidemic and health problems. The interaction between individuals’ factors and the environments and systems in which people live provides a novel perspective to understand how various food policies work in different settings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore how combined food-policy actions work and how such policies can be designed to be more effective with substantial and sustained effect specifically on youth lifestyle.

Biography:

Qianru Chen has her passion and expertise in food science and nutrition. She is committed to the study of the health benefits of bioactive collagen peptide derived from marine materials. Her research on the relationship of fish skin derived collagen peptides and intestinal barrier function provides a potential therapy for improving gut health and a new way in collagen peptides based functional food development

Abstract:

Biography:

Panupong Puttarak received his Doctor of Pharmaceutical Science, Prince of Songkla University. 2008 His is a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, from Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Prince of Songkla University. 2012. Later he started his employment as lecturer at department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-yai, Songkhla, Thailand. And his expertise fields: Phytochemistry, Standardization, Natural Products, Evidence-based medicine, Clinical pharmacy

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has a long history as herb for brain tonic, mental disorders and memory-enhancing in Asia. A number of clinical studies of C. asiatica on mood and cognitive effect have been reported. However, no summarizes the overall evidence of C. asiatica on cognitive function. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This study aims to determine the effects of C. asiatica on mood and cognitive function. International and Thai databases were searched for clinical studies investigating C. asiatica. Outcomes of interest were any measure on mood and cognitive function. Mean changes of the outcomes from baseline were compared by standardized mean difference. Findings: Eleven randomized controlled trials involving 642 patients were included.  C. asiatica could increase alert score [SMD: 0.71 (95%CI; 0.01 to 1.41); p = 0.046, I2 = 30.5%] and decrease anger score at 1 hour after treatment [SMD: -0.81 (95%CI; -1.51 to -0.09); p = 0.026, I2 = 36.6%]. Overall effects indicated no significant differences between C. asiatica and comparators on every cognitive domain except a comparison of combination products which could decrease time of problem solving in executive function domain [SMD: -0.77 (95%CI; -1.26 to -0.27); p = 0.002, I2 = 0.0%] compared with a comparator. No study reported adverse effect of C. asiatica. Conclusion & Significance: C. asiatica could increase alert and decrease anger score. However, C. asiatica has no clinical effect on cognitive function. Future well-designed clinical trials of standardized C. asiatica are still needed.

Biography:

Yu Qing Zhang obtained his PhD in Technology of Bioscience from Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan in 2005. He is a Professor of Applied Biology Department as well as the Silk Biotechnology Lab at Soochow University, P R China since November 2007. His research interest focuses on characterizing mechanical and biological properties and developing new use of silk biomaterial, in particular, applications of silk protein in biomedical materials, biomedicines, daily fine chemicals or cosmetics. Currently, he is appointed as a Scientist of the China Agriculture Research System (CARS) by the Agricu lture Ministry of China.

Abstract:

Morusin is a prenylated flavonoid that is extracted from the root bark of Morus alba, which has been found to play a role in anti-cancer promotion. Here, we first screened the effects of morusin on 20 kinds of cancer cells. We found that the tumour inhibitory ratio of the high concentration treatment group (20 µg/ml) could reach 84% with a dose effect manner. The average half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20 kinds of cancer cells was 14.79 µM, of which 80% was less than or equal to 15.36 µM. Second, we investigated the effects of morusin on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells, and explored its mechanism. Morusin remarkably inhibits the growth of these cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic results showed that the apoptotic rate of MDA-MB-453 cells treated with a high concentration of morusin was 77.73% (P<0.01). Western blotting displayed that morusin could upregulate the expression of E-cadherin and downregulate the N-cadherin and vimentin in a dose-dependent manner, and thus reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It could also upregulate the expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, indicating that morusin could induce cell apoptosis. The results showed that MDA-MB-453 cells were arrested in the G2 phase, and HCT116 cells were blocked in the S phase when treated with morusin, which could disturb the cell cycle. In summary, morusin could inhibit tumour growth and migration and promote cell apoptosis.

Biography:

Xiao Lu Yin is currently a graduate student in Applied Biology from Soochow University, P R China. Her research interest focuses on biological properties and developing new use of sericulture waste, in particular applications of mulberry branches in biomedical materials, biomedicines, and cosmetics

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective effect of Gynura divaricata (GD) in diabetic mice. Gynura divaricata (GD) is a kind of natural products for edible and medicine. The analytical results showed that the methanol extract of GD riches in 10.3% 3, 5- or 6.8% 4, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5.6% chlorogenic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD). After STZ-induced 2 type diabetic mice (male ICR) were orally administered with 1%, 5% and 10% GD diet for 4 weeks, a series of assays was performed. The hypoglycaemic rate of fasting blood glucose (FBG) reached 41.4% in 10% GD group and the fasting serum insulin in the highest dose GD group has decreased as low as normal group. GD treatment significantly reduced the glycosylated serum protein (GSP) level in diabetic mice. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were markedly increased; while the malonaldehyde (MDA) level was decreased in pancreas tissue by treatment of GD. HE-staining showed that the pathological damage in islets with pancreatic b-cells was ameliorated by GD treatment. An immunohistochemical assay showed that GD promoted marked b-cell regeneration. GD treatment also caused notable increase in GLUT2, GK, MafA, PDX-1, and Bcl-2 as well as reduction in Bax and caspase-3 expression as shown by Western Blot analysis. In conclusion, GD exerts the pronounced hypoglycaemic effect by restraining islet cell apoptosis and improving pancreatic function. Therefore, GD might be a promising food or medicine for the treatment of diabetes

Biography:

Marcello Menapace completed his first master’s Degree in Chemistry at the  University of Milan (Italy); second master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA) at the London School of Business and Finance in London (UK) and his PhD in Life Science at the H S University in Philadelphia, USA. He is a Researcher, Philosopher, Scientist, Medical Writer and Professional Regulatory Consultant. He has worked in the pharmaceutical industry for over 15 years as a Lead Consultant and Research Scientist for various biotech companies and is a Member of the professional organization TOPRA. He is the Director of M&Ms Consulting Ltd., a high-end consultancy service organization. He has published one scientific paper on Science and Ethics and is an Honourable Speaker at the European Congress of Applied Science and is currently collaborating with biotech companies to publish other biological and chemical research manuscripts.

Abstract:

There are many nutritional substances that humans consume on a

daily basis: water, carbohydrates lipids and proteins are main biochemical components of food. Others in a smaller amount are vitamins minerals and enzymes. At a possibly lesser quantity are glycans and miRNAs. The presence of oligoglycans in all food sources is an established fact for many years. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms that we eat and remain intact through the GI tract as we lack the enzymatic repertoire of the human body to unbind their particular β-linkages. Glycans bind to naturally present human lectins (through protein-carbohydrate interactions), but also with other human glycans (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Moreover, these glycans like fibres, are digested by the gut microbiota that resides within the intestine. As our biochemistry shapes the composition of the microbiome, so does the composition of glycans and foods that we consume, triggering biological responses. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, 19 to 23 nucleotide long RNA molecules and affect the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA) influencing protein synthesis. miRNAs are also present in foods and act on both the microbial composition in our gut and may be absorbed by the walls of the GI tract, demonstrating resistance to food processing and enzymatic attack. Though still a topic of controversy these small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression may directly enter into the circulating miRNA population of dietary exogenous miRNAs. It can hence be possible to identify a relationship between glycans and miRNAs in food one side, microbiota composition on the other and the resultant health status of the host (immune system) on the third side.

There are many nutritional substances that humans consume on a daily basis: water, carbohydrates lipids and proteins are main biochemical components of food. Others in a smaller amount are vitamins minerals and enzymes. At a possibly lesser quantity are glycans and miRNAs. The presence of oligoglycans in all food sources is an established fact for many years. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms that we eat and remain intact through the GI tract as we lack the enzymatic repertoire of the human body to unbind their particular β-linkages. Glycans bind to naturally present human lectins (through protein-carbohydrate interactions), but also with other human glycans (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Moreover, these glycans like fibres, are digested by the gut microbiota that resides within the intestine. As our biochemistry shapes the composition of the microbiome, so does the composition of glycans and foods that we consume, triggering biological responses. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, 19 to 23 nucleotide long RNA molecules and affect the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA) influencing protein synthesis. miRNAs are also present in foods and act on both the microbial composition in our gut and may be absorbed by the walls of the GI tract, demonstrating resistance to food processing and enzymatic attack. Though still a topic of controversy these small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression may directly enter into the circulating miRNA population of dietary exogenous miRNAs. It can hence be possible to identify a relationship between glycans and miRNAs in food one side, microbiota composition on the other and the resultant health status of the host (immune system) on the third side.

Biography:

Surajit Mitra acquired his BSc (Ag.) Hons. Degree securing a first class in 1990; MSc (Ag.) in Horticulture (1993) and PhD in Horticulture Degree (1998) from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya respectively. He is currently a Professor and Head of the Department of Post-Harvest Technology under the Faculty of Horticulture at the same university. He was awarded several National and International Fellowships, and participated in International Training Courses on Postharvest Technology, and has research experience of having worked at Kasetsart University, Thailand; Postharvest Education Foundation, USA; Agricultural Research Organization, Israel; and Wageningen University, The Netherlands. He also attended and presented several research papers on postharvest technology in International Conferences in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Germany. He delivered a Lead Lecture on “Tropical tubers as alternate staple crops for food and nutrition security” at the International Seminar on ‘Agriculture and Food for Inclusive Growth and Development during 14-15 January 2017 at Lucknow, UP, India. He also delivered an Invited Lecture in the workshop on Strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIAR (SIAC) – Sweet potato organized by International Potato Center (CIP), Peru at Jameson Inn Shiraz, Kolkata on April 10, 2016.

Abstract:

Tropical tuber crops are used either as a staple or subsidiary food in several countries of South America, Africa and South East Asia, and form the means of sustenance for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical world. Being the rich source of starch, the tubers are used as staple food in many counties. Tubers are boiled, baked, fried or processed into various delicious dishes. Sweet potato, an important member of the tropical tuber crops has a great potential to be an efficient and economic source of energy due to its high production potential in a very short period of time. Both the tubers and tender leaves are good source of vitamin B1, vitamin C, β-carotene, calcium, iron, potassium, sodium and dietary fiber. Sweet potato flour is widely used in bakery and confectionery in some countries. Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes having high β-carotene, the pro-vitamin A can be included in the regular diet to tackle the problem of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Purple-fleshed sweet potato having high anthocyanin is also gaining importance as an antioxidant food. Anthocyanins, as a functional food component having free-radical scavenging and antioxidant capacities are linked to a broad-based range of health benefits including improvement in visual acuity and liver function, and the prevention of obesity and diabetes. Increased consumption of purple-fleshed sweet potato tubers rich in anthocyanins, the important members of the flavonoid group of phytochemicals, referred as bioflavonoids can play important roles in maintenance of human health. Sweet potato has now been labeled as an anti-diabetic food and is considered as new world’s food security crop. Tubers of sweet potato, elephant foot yam and yams were quantified for proximate contents such as carbohydrate, starch, total soluble solids, sugar, protein, fat, vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidant, phenol, tannin, oxalate and trypsin inhibitor using standard methods. Irrespective of flesh and skin colour of tubers, a linear increase in dry matter, starch and total sugar content of different cultivars of sweet potato were found throughout the growing periods, while -carotene content showed an increasing trend only up to 105 days of planting and declined thereafter. A declining trend in ascorbic acid content was observed with the maturity of the tubers. Yam cultivars were found to have high nutrient and low anti-nutrient values. Antioxidant activities of all the cultivars of yam were very high. The Dioscorea alata cultivars showed comparatively higher carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin C, β-carotene, and antioxidant activities than D. rotundata. A decreasing trend in starch, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and carbohydrate content of elephant foot yam corms was observed, while total sugars, TSS and phenol contents were found to increase during storage.

Biography:

Muscolo Adele pursued MSc in Biological Sciences and PhD in Food Science at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988 she started her professional career as a Researcher at Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria (Italy), where she is still working as Full Professor in Soil Chemistry and Ecology. Since 1990 she is a Reviewer for international scientific journals and since 2008 she is an Evaluator of projects for European Community, International Funding Research Agencies and Italian and Foreign Research Ministries. She is an Examiner of international PhD dissertation. She has over 180 papers in international journals with IF. Citations: 1597 H index: 21. She has been serving as an editorial board member of many international journals. She is Associate Editor for JFR.

Abstract:

Lentil is a grain legume important in human diet for its richness in protein and bioactive compounds. Lentil is cultivated worldwide
but salinity is limiting its productivity mainly in Mediterranean and Eastern Countries. Few studies evaluated changes in the edible part of lentil under salinity. Considering the importance of this legume from a nutritional point of view, we cultivated three lentil accessions native to south and central Italy in 100 mM NaCl conditioned soils to verify if salinity affected the productivity, the nutritive values and phytochemical contents of their edible part (grain). The growth and nutritive properties of each local variety (Castelluccio di Norcia, Ustica and Pantelleria) have been compared to lentil cultivated in unsalinized soil (own control) and to the same local variety sold to the market. Our results evidenced that NaCl increased total proteins in respect to all the commercial and control lentils. No differences in the carbohydrate content among the salinized, commercial and control lentils were instead detected. The antioxidant capacity, detected as ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH ( 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and Ferrozine activities increased in salt affected lentils. In addition, we observed an increase in total phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids that are considered potent antioxidants. The ethanolic extracts of the edible seeds of the different local varieties of lentils showed a higher number of compounds in all the NaCl grown lentils compared to the corresponding varieties grown in the same soil without salts or to the own commercial variety. In respect to the increase and appearance of antioxidant compounds in the edible part of lentils grown under salinity we can assume that NaCl, changing the ratio of nutrients availability, can cause nutritional alterations and/or osmotic stress that activate the secondary metabolism of plants causing an over production of phytochemicals with proven positive effects on human health.