16^th World Congress on Nutrition and Food Chemistry September 18-20, 2017 Zurich, Switzerland

Biography:

Dr. Zhao has her expertise in nutrition and chronic diseases. The inner layer of blood vessels is lined with endothelial cells, which act as the early responder to dietary factors. Her research focus on the effects of dietary factors on the endothelial functions and their roles in the development of chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and thus developing dietary intervention targeting disease prevention and management.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Iodine is an essential microelement for human health. Historically, iodine deficiency-caused disease (IDD) has been a global public health concern. Comprehensive studies on IDD led to the implementation of universal salt iodization (USI) policy in many countries. With rapid global progress in correcting iodine deficiency, excessive iodine intake is emerging as a new concern. The spectrum of iodine excess induced thyroid disorders has been reported Including hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, endemic goiter and thyroid cancer. Whereas the extrathyroidal effects of iodine excess on health is less studied.  A comprehensive understanding of iodine excess on health will be of great benefit.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: We established a mouse model of excess iodine intake by adding different levels of iodine to drinking water for different period of time. Plasma lipid parameters and serum thyroid hormones were measured. Expressions of hepatic genes were detected by PCR and WB.

Findings: Dose-dependent hypercholesterolemic effects were detected in mice (TC, r = 0.615; p< 0.01). Drinking 1.2 ug/mL iodine water for 1 month had no significant effect on serum lipid metabolism, while prolonged exposure induced an increase of serum cholesterol. Serum thyroid hormones were not affected by excess iodine intake throughout the study. At the molecular levels, a dose-dependent attenuation of hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)and thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TR β1) expression was detected in parallel to the change of serum cholesterol. 

Conclusion & Significance: Our findings demonstrated a dose and time dependent hypercholesterolemic effect of iodine excess. TRβ1-mediated down regulation of hepatic LDLr gene may play a critical role. This study further expanded our knowledge on the potential hazard effect of iodine on health and will be instructive for reasonable iodine intake for improving overall health. 

Biography:

Dominik Szwajgier has expertise in Food Analysis and Human Nutrition, especially in the analysis of poly-phenolic compounds. He focused on the role of natural plant extracts and individual phenolic compounds in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. He tested natural plant extracts using various models of cell lines. In his professional career, he worked for a long time on the elevation of the antioxidant status of various types of beer by the increase of the content of phenolic antioxidants.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Bilberry leaves decrease blood glucose and triglyceride levels and exert anti-diabetic effect. Here, we isolated new cholinesterase inhibitors (against Alzheimer’s disease) and examined anti-diabetic, pro-cognitive, and antimicrobial effect of bilberry fruit.

Methodology: Juice was ultra-filtered (5 kDa) and freeze-dried. Preparative and analytical HPLC was used for isolation of cholinesterase inhibitors, followed by confirmation by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS. Diabetes mellitus was studied using Wistar male rats (feed enriched with 25% fruit, 2 months). Glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL), triglycerides, AspAT, AlAT i ALP levels as well as glucose receptors and β-amyloid plaques (in brains) were examined. Cognitive tests (elevated plus maze test, seven months old rats; 2, 5 or 10 g bilberry/kg b.m. for three months) were performed. The effect of selected compounds from bilberry on the growth of lactic acid bacteria was tested (cultivation of strains in micro-plates).

Findings: New cholinesterase inhibitors- derivatives of chlorogenic acid (4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid or 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) and benzoic acid (3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid or 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxsybenzoic acid) were identified in bilberry. Brain mean weight was increased (p<0.05), alanine transaminase activity was decreased and creatinine levels were increased in animals fed bilberry, but no differences in blood parameters between normal and diabetic rats were observed. The administration of bilberry (5 g/kg b.w./day) to rats (for three months) improved short- and long-term memory (p<0.05).

Conclusion & Significance: Regular consumption of bilberry fruit can enhance the memory. Increased brain weight can be obtained, and liver functions can be normalized, but more biochemical markers should be studied to confirm these results. The hypoglycemic effect of the diet supplemented with bilberry pulp was not proved; therefore, it can be assumed that the consumption of bilberry fruit may not be helpful in the case of diabetes mellitus.

Biography:

Nicolas Sauvageot has expertise in Nutritional Epidemiology. In the previous years, he has been working on measurement errors in dietary assessment methods as well as statistical methods used to assess relationships between diet and health. His main research interests are dietary patterns as well as their relationships with other factors.

Abstract:

Background: In nutritional epidemiology, the traditional approach of studying relationships between a single food and a health outcome has been complemented by the use of dietary patterns that consider how foods are consumed together. Dietary pattern analysis has many advantages and is believed to represent more closely the real world.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of dietary patterns in the greater region (Luxembourg, Wallonia (Belgium), Lorraine (France)). Associations with several characteristics, namely cardiovascular risk factors, socio-demographics as well as lifestyle factors, were also explored.

Methods: The methods used to compute dietary patterns were dimension reduction techniques, cluster analysis as well as mixture models. We used data from the NESCaV survey (nutrition, environment and cardiovascular health), an interregional cross-sectional study of 3133 individuals living in the greater region. Cardiovascular health was assessed with self-administered questionnaire as well as clinical and anthropometric measurements. Dietary intakes were collected by using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on 134 food items.

Results: Although the different methods led to comparable results, obtained dietary patterns also showed some differences across methods. Briefly, non-prudent/convenient, convenient and animal protein and alcohol dietary patterns were associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. By contrast, prudent, breakfast and low starchy foods/high vegetables and dairy products patterns were associated with a lower cardiovascular risk. Finally, associations of dietary patterns with others factors showed that younger adults, men, less educated people, smokers, less physically active people as well as those living in Luxembourg and Wallonia are more likely to adopt unhealthy dietary patterns.

Conclusion: From a methodological standpoint, in order to have complementary insights, dietary patterns should be computed with both dimension reduction techniques and mixture models. From a public health perspective, these findings highlight the need for targeted health prevention campaigns promoting healthy diet and lifestyles.

Biography:

Dr. Amr I.M. Hawal has his expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the health and wellbeing. His open and contextual evaluation model based on responsive constructivists creates new pathways for  improving health care specially in Neonatology field. He has built this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and education institutions. Our case presentation was done in one of the biggest & modern of art & advanced NICU based on tertiary generation level in the region (Latifa Hospital, DHA, Dubai, UAE).

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: It’s a clinical case presentation of a male Preterm infant Newborn (+31 wks) who was delivered in our hospital & transferred to our NICU because of Prematurity, VLBW & need to respiratory support. Baby shortly undergo Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) on 5th day of life shortly after start of expressed milk feeding …! Which early detected by use of Near Infra red Abdominal spectroscopy (NIRS). Baby was deteriorated clinically in a couple of hours & undergo intestinal perforation with peritonitis, So, Abdominal exploration surgery with intestinal resection & end – to end anastomosis was done urgently. Baby improved gradually & early feedings was started & gradually increased up to full feedings with use of Human Fortified Milk (HMF) & probiotics, Prebiotics.

Findings: the Study stated the evidence-based Feeding Strategies guidelines for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among very low birth weight infants & Role of trophic feedings, Probiotics, Prebiotics & micronutrients in Prophylaxis, Prevention & Management of NEC.

Recommendations: 1) -Prematurity is the single greatest risk factor for NEC & avoidance of premature birth is the best way to prevent NEC. 2)-The role of feeding in the pathogenesis of NEC is uncertain, but it seems prudent to use breast milk (when available) and advance feedings slowly and cautiously. 3)-NEC is one of the leading causes of mortality, and the most common reason for emergent GI surgery in newborns. 4)-NEC remains a major unsolved medical challenge, for which no specific therapy exists, and its pathogenesis remains controversial. 5)-A better understanding of the pathophysiology will offer new and innovative therapeutic approaches, and future studies should be focused on the roles of the epithelial barrier, innate immunity, and microbiota in this disorder. 6)-Bioinformatics modeling is a new emerging strategy aimed at understanding the dynamics of various inflammatory markers and their application in early diagnosis and treatment.

Biography:

Isabel M. Perez de Vargas Sansalvador received her B.Sc. in Chemistry (2005), M.Sc. (2008) and Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry (2011) from the University of Granada (Spain). Her postdoctoral experience started at Cranfield University (UK) and later at Dublin City University (Ireland). She is currently a Marie Curie Fellow at the University of Granada. Her research interests include chemical sensors for environmental and food analysis applications

Abstract:

We present Multisens, an innovative intelligent packaging platform that alerts the customer of packaged fresh meat quality.If the CO2 level changes during storage it is a clear indicator that bacteria are growing inside the package and / or the package is not well sealed and the modified atmosphere has been compromised. NH3 is a clear indicator of deterioration, as it is a product of microbial degradation and H2S is obtained by decomposition of cysteine, it is produced during meat spoilage. Therefore, these three gases have been selected as target gases for the development of the freshness sensors.

First, the correlation of meat freshness with the concentration of gases has been studied inside packages. Pseudomonas and TVC (Total Viable Count) are key parameters to evaluate this. It has been accepted that 10⁷ cfu/g /mL as threshold for meat spoilage. The correlation between bacteria count and gas release has been be studied in terms of time and hence the threshold of these gas concentrations for meat freshness has been established.

Sensors for each of the target gases have been developed by the use of water soluble inks containing pH indicators and ionic liquids, extending the lifetime of conventional organic-based sensors. Reproducibility, cross-sensitivity, lifetime, and dynamic response have been studied obtaining good results to transfer this platform to the market.

Since there is an increasing interest in the use of smartphones and similar devices such as tablets, the development of an Android/iOS application is being carried out. This implementation simplifies the whole system as no sophisticated expensive instruments shall be used, just a mobile phone, avoiding the necessity for specialised training

Biography:

Sima Hamadeh is an Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator of Nutrition & Dietetics Sciences at Haigazian University-Lebanon. Her interests lie in areas such as the dietary motivations and behaviors in communities; the evolution of nutrition; the epidemiology of obesity especially among youth; the health promotion and communication; and the nutrition policies. She has several publications in scientific refereed journals and book. She has also many oral communications on public health nutrition in international and national congresses. She works closely with different national ministries and organizations, and international institutions in projects, seminars, researches and community programs.

Abstract:

Culture and society are essential in shaping a person’s lifestyle. Precisely, food communication can influence, positively or negatively, youth’ food choices and patterns. Schools have proved a valuable setting to promote nutrition and health among youth. The primary aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the perceptions of multidisciplinary Lebanese key stakeholders on nutrition communication and school nutrition policies (SNP) impact on youth lifestyles in metropolitan contexts. In order to explore these perceptions, directed and semi-structures individual interviews with key stakeholders (n=64) in conjunction with focus groups (n=2) with parents and teachers from 2 schools (1 private and 1 public) in Beirut city were employed. Collected data have been submitted to a thematic qualitative analysis. All participants perceived the transformation of the global communications and information landscape raises new challenges including extensive food marketing to youth. This study helps local and national efforts: to improve the healthfulness of food choices in a variety of spots and points of sales in cities and; to inform regulatory options and, food communication and SNP implications. The major participants’ suggestions for improvement of youth dietary patterns in metropolitan contexts includes: Participants’ suggestions for improving youth lifestyles in metropolitan contexts; identify and analyze sociocultural, environmental, behavioral, economic and political determinants of youth lifestyles; identify appropriate areas for action in different sociocultural contexts; work with the multiple role models, decision makers and nutrition gatekeepers influencing youth lifestyles; build workforce capacity for effective SNP deployment and evaluation; assess of the internal and external school environments; deploy a strategy to layer and repeat nutrition messages through multiple channels (e.g. visual marketing materials linked to in-class nutrition education program); need for more stringent government regulations on food communication and marketing directed to youth (e.g. prohibition of direct corporate ads on school space). Such perceptions offer the potential for future enhancement of the effective food communication strategies and SNP, and improvements in their efficacy to be made. Sociocultural-based nutrition communication strategies and SNP that pay attention to specific health behavioral goals, target populations, communication activities and innovative techniques for feedback and evaluation can help to improve youth dietary patterns and prevent diseases in adulthood.

Biography:

Sheetal Kakade is an Aesthetic Physician & Obesity Consultant. She has completed her Graduation and Post-graduation from University of Mumbai. She was awarded a Gold medal in MBBS in Obstetrics & Gynecology by University of Mumbai in 2000. She has also done Specialist Certification in Obesity Professional Education from IASO (International Association for the Study of Obesity) and currently working as Managing Director at Define Aesthetics Clinics in Pune and has experience as Consultant Anesthesiologist and Intensivist from year 2004-2010.

Abstract:

Aim: To study and quantify the results of non-invasive obesity treatments i.e., ion magnum and high focalized ultrasound. Ion Magnum: The Ion Magnum is a device based on nanotechnology is used to deliver pure analog multiline waveform. This is FDA approved equipment for muscle conditioning on prescription of a qualified medical practitioner only. High focalized ultrasound: High focused ultrasound concentrates up to 1000 beams of ultrasound energy with extreme precision at a targeted depth in the body. It has a triple effect on problematic areas; separation of adipose tissue into individual cells and the gate opening of cell membranes; drainage of contents of fat cells in the interstitial tissue; reduction of fibrous partitions between fat cells.

Materials & Methods: 50 patients, 24 males and 26 females were selected randomly of different age groups ranging from 13 years to 70 years. The Body Mass Index (BMI) values of patients ranged from 20.3 to 43.3. For every patient three readings of abdominal girth were taken before and after the treatment; 2 cm above level of umbilicus; at umbilicus and; 2 cm below level of umbilicus.

Results: The study showed that the total reduction in abdominal girth was minimum of 13 cm and maximum of 65 cm with an average of 33.28 cm. There were no complications noted in the above study. The patients were segregated into groups of 10, 15 & 20 treatments and within each group the total reduction in abdominal girth was calculated.

Biography:

Preethi Kathirvel serves as an Assistant Professor in Department of Microbial Biotechnology at Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India. She awarded PhD degree from Bharathiar University for her work on “Studies on antioxidant and pharmacological activities of Muntingia calabura fruits”. She has published 22 research articles, two book chapters and edited two books in antioxidants and waste management field.

Abstract:

Cancer is the major cause of death worldwide, claiming over six million lives every year. In the recent years, alternative therapies have gained importance over conventional cancer for the treatment of cancer. Natural antioxidants, particularly in fruits and vegetables have gained increasing interest among consumers and the scientific community since epidemiological studies has indicated that frequent consumption of natural antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Muntingia calabura Linn is a plant that belongs to the family Elaeocarpaceae, commonly known as cherry tree. In the present study, the ripened fruits were collected and extracted with various solvents to detect its phytochemical constituents. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and vitamin E. The antioxidant activity of the fruits was studied in vitro with DPPH assay, superoxide radical, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The in vivo studies such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity and anti-stress were also performed. From the experimental results it is clear that Muntingia calabura fruit is rich in antioxidant polyphenol and possess significant antioxidant activity, is an important and interesting finding because these fruits constitute part of the diet of weaning mothers in some countries. The work further exploits the potential of phytomedicine over chemotherapy in disease prevention and control. Thus, the incorporation of fruits into routine diet could prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases, ageing, inflammations and cancers due to antioxidant compounds present in the fruits.

Biography:

Hunkyung Kim is the department head of the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Aging Research team (Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly) at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. After graduating from Kyungpook National University (South Korea) in 1986, he pursued a doctorate in exercise prescription and gerontology at the University of Tsukuba (Tsukuba, Japan). His research focus has been on sarcopenia, frailty, urinary incontinence, falls, geriatric syndromes, locomotive syndrome, exercise, nutrition etc, with a particular interest in sarcopenic obesity in recent years. Publications and data based on exercise and nutrition interventions presented by Kim are especially valuable due to the general difficulty of conducting interventions. Consequently, Kim prioritizes research dissemination via academic journals and conferences, newspaper articles, and television.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Sarcopenic obesity (SO), or the coexistence of both sarcopenia and obesity among elderly people has been an area of interest in current geriatric and gerontological research. Recent research has shown that SO is closely associated with knee osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, arterial stiffness, instrumental activities of daily living disability, gait abnormalities, falls, and all-cause mortality, yet there are a very limited number of intervention studies published. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of exercise and nutritional supplementation on body composition, blood components and physical function in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women with sarcopenic obesity. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 139 women defined with sarcopenic obesity, who were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups. The exercise and nutrition (Ex+N), and exercise only (Ex) groups attended a 60-minute class twice a week for 3 months. The Ex+N and nutrition only (N) groups took essential amino acid and tea catechin supplementation daily for 3 months. Body composition measured by bioelectric impedance analysis, blood components such as albumin, cholesterol, vitamin D, etc, and physical function including grip strength, knee extension strength, and walking speed were analyzed. Findings: Significant group×time interactions were observed between the groups in usual walking speed (P=0.012), stride (P=0.004), and vitamin D (P<0.001). The Ex+N group showed significant decreases in body fat mass (P=0.036), increases in stride (P=0.038), and vitamin D levels (P<0.001). Further, both Ex+N and Ex groups were over four times as likely to reduce body fat mass that the HE group (OR=4.42, 95%CI=1.21-16.19; OR=4.50, 95%CI=1.13-17.9; respectively). Conclusion & Significance: Although no additive effects were found, the combination of exercise and nutrition had beneficial effects on body fat, blood components and physical function in sarcopenic obese elderly women. 

Biography:

Vikas Ahluwalia is a Director at Metabolic & Bariatric Medicine Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi. In his role as Director at Metabolic & Bariatric Medicine, he oversees the various aspects of outpatient department, also serving as the Principal Investigator of several ongoing clinical trials. He is an Executive Member of the Planning & Advisory Board at the Max Institute of Medical Excellence. He is also a faculty for postgraduate teaching at Max Healthcare. Over the years, his work has made path-breaking strides in the realm of diabetes and metabolic clinical service, community awareness programmes and medical education. These include: Designing and implementing education models for diabetes educators, including curricula for metabolic medicine; developing guidelines for insulin delivery model; generating pediatric medicine awareness, especially on obesity and; setting guidelines for bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity has been a global burden in the society, destroying nations medically and economically. India has attained third place in the world after USA and China for the highest prevalence of obesity. The term obesity is no longer just a single entity; it has been revised to be termed as metabolic syndrome. It is a complex disorder with metabolic risk factors linked to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoarthritis and early death. The need for optimal integration with holistic approach (lifestyle modification + pharmacotherapy + bariatric surgery) is the road to current management of obesity. Bariatric surgery has gained popularity worldwide to treat the diabesity (obesity+diabetes). The measures of postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery are assessment indicators which improve the clinical practice. A retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, males=27 and females=42, mean age 48.3 years (range 40-62 years) in the Minimal Access Metabolic Surgery Institute, Max Hospitals, Delhi, India. The duration of study was 2012-2017. The selection criteria for these patients were BMI-30-35 Kg/m2, HbA1c>8.0 mg/dl and willingness to comply with the follow up protocol. The metabolic outcomes which included hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were assessed and evaluated. Results showed diabetes resolution in 88.4%, hypertension resolution in 58%, and dyslipidemia resolution in 82.1%. The study concluded that bariatric surgery can be considered as a treatment option for poorly controlled diabetics with BMI 30 to 35 kg/m2. Hence, the threat of obesity is greater than the risk of surgery as the treatment option.

Biography:

Pinchun Yang is pursuing her PhD in Food and Nutrition at Fu Jen Catholic University. She graduated from Chung Shung Medical University, and then worked as Research Assistant for four years at Bone Center Taipei Medical University. After she worded with orthopedic doctors to complete four great osteoporosis prevention programs, she also completed her Master degree at Fu Jen Catholic University. Taiwan.

Abstract:

Aluminum (Al) is the component of various legal food additives. Although studies have proven that Al overloading in dialysis renal patients is toxic, there is few study related to body Al content and bone health in Taiwanese population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the associations among blood levels of osteoporotic-related minerals, PTH, vitamin D and bone density. 30 hospitalized patients with fracture for surgery and 39 healthy controls were recruited and blood levels of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al), as well as vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were tested. Subjects with bone fracture were recruited in 3-5 days right after their surgeries respectively. The results indicated that the hip bone density in fracture patients are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), but not for the spine bone density. The average plasma concentration of Al, Mg, Ca, P, PTH and vitamin D were similar in two groups.  In addition, 79.9% subjects have lower vitamin D status, using the blood vitamin D level 30 ng/mL as standard and vitamin D concentration are significantly lowering with age (P=0.038). There is a negative correlation between blood Al and Mg content (P=0.004). 5% of all subjects have abnormal Al level (above 10 µg/L) in this study. There is no relationship between Al level and other mineral concentration and bone density may due to small sample size. This study will be continued to recruit more subjects. The expected results are useful for analysis of the risk of exposure, the implementation of clinical care and health education to improve the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Taiwan, and to establish the osteoporosis-related serum measurement data base.

Biography:

Luisa Brito is an Assistant Professor at University of Lisbon. She has been Supervisor of several undergraduate, master and doctoral theses, responsible for research projects and author or co-author of several national and international publications. She develops research on pathogenic food-borne bacteria. Some of these studies involve proteomic, transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of planktonic and biofilm cells. The use of lactic acid bacteria, with probiotic characteristics, in the attenuation of the virulence of these pathogens, is another area of research. This area is related with the development of new and healthier food based on the fermentation of underexplored fruit and vegetables materials, like commercial misshapen or under-sized items as well as by-products of fruit and vegetable industry, with high content in functional compounds.

Abstract:

Listeria monocytogenes is foodborne pathogenic bacteria that cause human listeriosis, a severe zoonotic disease, with high morbility, hospitalization and lethality rates in vulnerable populations. L. monocytogenes is known to be a concern in the production of cheese. The production environment is often pointed out as a possible transmission route of the microorganism and the persistence of some molecular types has been described. Field experiments under actual dairy processing conditions are welcomed by the industry and the use of an appropriate non-pathogenic surrogate for L. monocytogenes in this kind of experiments is necessary. The present study aimed to investigate whether L. innocua may be used as a surrogate of L. monocytogenes in dairy processing environment experiments. 10 persistent and non-persistent isolates of L. innocuaand L. monocytogenes collected from cheese processing plants were used to compare biofilm-forming ability and biofilm susceptibility to two in use hydrogen peroxide (HP) based disinfectants. No significant differences in biofilm-forming ability by these two species was observed (P>0.05). In a similar way, the susceptibility to HP disinfectants of the L. monocytogenes and L. innocua biofilms formed by persistent and non-persistent isolates, grown in clean and in dirty conditions, showed no significant differences (P>0.05). By PCA an initial 10-dimensional space (10 variables) was reduced to a plane F1F2 defined by the two first principal components. The projection of the different isolates in this plane showed that they could be clustered into two major groups; both include isolates from the two species (Fig.1). This study proved the suitability of L. innocua as an indicator of L. monocytogenes in Listeria control programs and as a surrogate in field experiments aiming to clarify the factors that contribute to L.monocytogenes persistent colonization of some cheese processing plants.

Biography:

Ratchadaporn Oonsivilai has her expertise in phytochemical profiling and bioactivities in functional food. Her research work focus on Thai medicinal plants which composed of bioactive ingredients. She identified the bioactive compound by phytochemical profiling both in chlorophylls and phenolic profiles. In vitroand in vivo assay carried out to evaluate the bioactivities of bioactive compound or the crude plant extracts.

Abstract:

The phytochemical properties of 3-year-old golden barrel cactus extracts compared with 6-year-old are studied. In addition, the antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity, in vitro digestion stability, including the cellular uptake of golden barrel extracts are investigated. The phytochemical analyses of both cactus extracts revealed the presence of lutein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b and phenolic compounds. The 3-year-old cactus extracts showed the IC50 values of 112.60 and 44.62 mg raw material (RM)/ml, while the 6-year-old showed 191.90 and 81.84 mg RM/ml for DPPH and ABTS assay, respectively. In addition, their antioxidant activities by FRAP assay showed value at 0.014 and 0.01 mmol Fe2+/g RM for 3- and 6-year-old extracts, respectively. Cytotoxicity of extracts before and after in vitro digestion exhibited extremely high value of LC50 (>200 µg RM/ml) against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells indicating the non-toxic activity. The digestive stability of lutein, chlorophylls and phenolic compounds of 3- and 6-year-old extracts was 69.03%, 37.64%, 60.52% and 58.33%, 33.34% and 56.89%, respectively. Additionally, the lutein, chlorophylls and phenolics from 3- and 6-year-old cactus extracts were uptaken by Caco-2 cells at the level of 30.63%, 36.88%, 28.27% and 26.31%, 28.10% and 25.11%, respectively. Finally, the investigations of cellular lutein and phenolics transport in Caco-2 cells were 8.05%, 9.18% and 7.67%, 6.95% for 3- and 6-year-old cactus extracts, respectively. In conclusion, phytochemical content and bioactivities of 3-year-old extracts being higher than that of 6-year-old extracts indicated the importance of plant maturity. Lutein, total chlorophylls, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of the 3-year-old extracts were higher than that of 6-year-old extracts indicated that these compounds were not stable during simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion. Finally, lutein and total phenolic compounds from golden barrel cactus extracts could be absorbed and transported through Caco-2 cells, but chlorophylls did not detected in the transport process.

Biography:

Abstract:

The present research was conducted on 24 male mature Wistar rats to study effect of sesame oil on liver enzymes, lipid profile and the protective role against the oxidative stress caused by feeding monosodium glutamate which may affect the liver. The rates were allocated in four equal groups. The 1st group was used as negative control without any treatment. The 2nd group used as positive control feed on monosodium glutamate at dose rate 1.6 mg/g bodyweight. The 3rd group received monosodium glutamate at dose rate 1.6 mg/g body weight and treatedwith sesame oil at doses 4 ml/kg. body weight. The 4th group received monosodium glutamate at dose rate 1.6 mg/g bodyweight and treated with sesame oil at dose rate 8 ml/kg bodyweight. Results indicated that oral intake of sesame oil at doses 4 and 8 ml/kg body weight for 14 days significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein fractions, decreased the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) when compared to the control positive group. Oxidative stress markers glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly improved as compared to the control positive group. We can conclude that the consumption of sesame oil may have protective effects against the oxidative stress caused by consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and its recommended to intake sesame oil daily for people who consume food with monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Biography:

Keerthi Thalakattil Raghavan is a Professor and Director of School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India. Her research area includes Probiotics, Prebiotics and Bio-prospecting of marine microbes. She is an experienced academician and administrator. She is chairperson/member of important academic bodies of university as well as the coordinator of a number of national levels major research projects of the university. She has more than 25 research publications and four book chapters to her credit. She has participated and presented her research findings in more than four international conferences held abroad.

Abstract:

The relation between lactic acid bacteria has been serving human kind from ancient times as a probiotic through fermented milk products. Elie Metchnikoff proposed that the Balkan population enjoyed excellent health due to consumption of large quantities of fermented milks containing beneficial bacteria. In the present study, probiotic potency of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from human breast milk and Indian honey bee gut was characterized and evaluated. The study indicated that the characterized putative L. plantarum strains fulfill essential prerequisites of probiotic properties such as tolerance to acid, bile and simulated gastric juice which enable the strains to have easy passage of GIT & stability in small & large intestine. Antagonistic property against pathogens & cell surface properties varied among strains, and these abilities attribute to a protective mechanism/barrier of intestinal mucosa against pathogenic invasion. Non haemolytic and non-lecithinase properties ensured their safety & GRAS status. Further it was noted that L. plantarum strains have the ability to de-conjugate bile salt and assimilate cholesterol and few of them exhibited excellent β-galactosidase activity. The results testified their health promoting capability and scope for application in nutraceuticals sector. Biofilm formation and exopolysaccharides production are inter-related. All L. plantarum strains are potent exopolysaccharide producers enabling them to modulate immunity in host organisms by activating macrophages. ACE inhibition ability reduces the risk of hypertension and anti-oxidant activity contributes to the improvement in overall health again endorsing their health promoting effect. Considering the need to develop an industrial strain with prospective desirable features the basic technological properties were evaluated by checking viability in coagulated skim milk at different intervals, their storage stability and % level of lactic acid production. Exopolysaccharide production and acid production also enabled the strains to increase texture and aroma of the product. Technological properties also indicated scope for these strains to be considered as ideal starter cultures in diary industry. Comparative evaluation suggests that irrespective of the source, L plantarum strains are equally good for application as probiotics. However, the results of in vitro study need appropriate validation by in vivo study.

Biography:

Rim Aly is a final year Medical student at University of Manchester who is interested in Public Health. Her passion and motivation to learn more about social and preventive medicine led her to travel to Lausanne, Switzerland and participate in research projects including the analysis of population trends in childhood obesity. She has also presented research on a variety of health topics including the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms, mental health in care home residents and public awareness of travel health.

Abstract:

Objectives: We assessed changes in the distribution of BMI-for-age between 1998 and 2016 in children and adolescents from the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the Indian Ocean.

Methods: Examination surveys were conducted annually between 1998 and 2016 on all students of four grades (crèche 2, primary 4, secondary 1 and 4) in all schools. Obesity, overweight and thinness were defined by the international obesity task force criteria.

Results: A total of 70,187 observations were analysed. Comparing data in 1998-2000 and 2014-2016, the prevalence of overweight or obesity increased from 9.6% to 19.6% in boys and from 15.1% to 23.6% in girls. In contrast, the prevalence of thinness grade 3 increased from 1.4% to 2.6% in boys and from 2.2% to 3.2% in girls. While mean BMI increased by 5% between 1998-2000 and 2014-2016, marked increases in BMI were mostly seen in the upper range of the BMI distribution: -1.7% at percentile 5, -0.8% at percentile 10, 0.3% at percentile 25, 2.5% at percentile 50 (median), 7.4% at percentile 75, 12.7% at percentile 90 and 13.3% at percentile 95. Consistent with the increasingly positively-skewed distribution of BMI over time, the number of children with morbid obesity increased considerably.

Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents of the Seychelles increased markedly over an 18-year period, emphasizing the need for population interventions to halt the rising burden of obesity. However, the secular increase in BMI occurred mostly in approximately one half of the population, with a non-decreasing prevalence of thinness and a worryingly increasing prevalence of morbid obesity. Further studi

Biography:

Luka Levata is currently a Doctoral Researcher at Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (University of Lübeck). With his academic background in neuroscience, he is interested in deciphering neural circuits in the brain that regulate feeding behavior and metabolic activities. The brain incessantly communicates with other body organs to control all homeostatic processes, including energy expenditure. He is using animal models to investigate mechanisms of energy expenditure under physiologically relevant conditions.

Abstract:

Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic peptide expressed both in adipose depots and hypothalamic nuclei that regulate food consumption. Recently, our group has reported that centrally administered nesfatin-1 also increases overall energy expenditure. We thus performed a study, using Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice to examine if centrally acting nesfatin-1 employs the melanocortin system toward energy homeostasis, and elicits sympathetic outflow to interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) to initiate thermogenesis. Healthy male animals of both species were stereotaxically implanted with intracerebroventricular cannula to receive central injections. First, with the application of direct calorimetry, we demonstrated that in rats nesfatin-1 [25 pmol] elicits a substantial increase in dry heat loss that lasts for 7 hours (p<0.01). This effect was fully precluded (p<0.01) by the co-administration with an equimolar dose of SHU9119, a potent MC3/4 receptor antagonist. The RT-PCR analysis showed that centrally administered nesfatin-1 [100 pmol] promoted POMC and MC3 receptor mRNA expression (p<0.01) in the hypothalamus and, as a trend, also of MC4 receptor mRNA. This was accompanied by increased DIO2 mRNA expression (p<0.01) and trend of increase in UCP1 and PGC-1α mRNA in iBAT. Moreover, the assessment with infrared thermography revealed that centrally delivered nesfatin-1 [300 pmol] in mice enhances (p<0.01) iBAT, as well as ocular surface temperature (p<0.05). We also demonstrated that this effect is completely abolished (p<0.01) when administered in pair with SR59230A [5 mg/kg], a potent and highly selective β3-adrenoceptor blocker. Finally, the increase in heat production instigated by nesfatin-1 promotes a reduction in body weight (p<0.05), which exhibits a prolonged duration even after overnight ad libitum access to food. Altogether, we herein provide evidence that the increase in energy expenditure instigated by nesfatin-1 is a process mediated via the central melanocortin system that in turn sets off iBAT thermogenesis, ultimately leading to a reduction in body mass. Centrally acting nesfatin-1 instigates catabolic effects.

Biography:

Xolile Mkhize is a PhD student in the field of Food and Nutrition at Durban University of Technology. Her research project focuses on legume production and consumption within elderly farmers in addressing food insecurity. She is currently working as a Senior Lecturer in the field of Food and Nutrition in Department of Community Extension at Mangosuthu University of Technology for the past three years and has also worked at other academic institutions such (Durban University of Technology and University of Zululand). She has worked in various community research projects focusing on food and nutrition security among vulnerable groups and also involved in the promotion of urban agriculture in city of Durban. She has over eight years of industrial experience in the food industry.

Abstract:

Adulthood obesity particularly among women is a growing concern that can be exacerbated by menopause. This also leads to a declining metabolic rate causing obesity as well as central obesity. These factors impact women’s health and can compromise agricultural production. The objective of the study was to determine the nutritional status which included anthropometrics to determine BMI, WC, WTHR scores among women who are actively involved in farming which is perceived as a form of physical exercise. The study was descriptive in nature comprised of 89 women between ages of 43- 85 years with a mean age of 63.3. All participants selected were part of the municipal agricultural programme database. Participants gave willing consent to participate in the study. This investigation was part of the Ethekwini municipality initiative. Results indicated that the majority of the women were generally obese (>30->40) at 70.7% followed by those overweight (25-29.99) at 18.0% which suggests that almost 88.7% of the population was over-nourished. Respondents who were within the normal weight (18.5-24.99) were 7.9% while only 3.4% were underweight (<18.5). The majority of women exceeded (84.3%) the cut off points for waist circumference (˃88 cm) while a minority (15.7%) were within the recommended scores (≤ 88 cm). These results correlate with the BMI of women being obese in two forms. However, central obesity was a higher form of obesity detected when comparing the two. Waist to hip ratio (Wthr) as metabolic risk factor was exceeded (≥05) by 88.8% of the population while 11.2% were within the recommended scores (<0.5). Agricultural activity as a form of physical exercise among small holder farmers did not address obesity prevalence. Interventions should investigate dietary intake as well as other risk factors to address this challenge among these farmers.

Biography:

Isabel M Perez de Vargas Sansalvador received her BSc in Chemistry (2005), MSc (2008) and PhD in Analytical Chemistry (2011) from University of Granada, Spain. Her Post-doctoral experience started at Cranfield University, UK and later at Dublin City University, Ireland. She is currently a Marie Curie Fellow at University of Granada. Her research interests include chemical sensors for environmental and food analysis applications.

Abstract:

We present MultiSens, an innovative intelligent packaging platform that alerts the customer of packaged fresh meat quality. If the CO2 level changes during storage it is a clear indicator that bacteria are growing inside the package and/or the package is not well sealed and the modified atmosphere has been compromised. NH3 is a clear indicator of deterioration, as it is a product of microbial degradation and H2S is obtained by decomposition of cysteine, it is produced during meat spoilage. Therefore, these three gases have been selected as target gases for the development of the freshness sensors. First, the correlation of meat freshness with the concentration of gases has been studied inside packages. Pseudomonas and total viable count (TVC) are key parameters to evaluate this. It has been accepted that 107 cfu/g /mL is a threshold for meat spoilage. The correlation between bacteria count and gas release has been studied in terms of time and hence the threshold of these gas concentrations for meat freshness has been established. Sensors for each of the target gases have been developed by the use of water soluble inks containing pH indicators and ionic liquids, extending the lifetime of conventional organic-based sensors. Reproducibility, cross-sensitivity, lifetime, and dynamic response have been studied obtaining good results to transfer this platform to the market. Since there is an increasing interest in the use of smartphones and similar devices such as tablets, the development of an Android/iOS application is being carried out. This implementation simplifies the whole system as no sophisticated expensive instruments shall be used, just a mobile phone, avoiding the necessity for specialized training.

Biography:

Aditya Lal completed his PhD in Agricultural Process Food Engineering from SHUATS, Allahabad, India; ME in Food Engineering and Bioprocess Engineering from Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand; MTech in Agricultural Process Food Engineering in 2008 from Allahabad Agricultural Institute–Deemed University, India and; BTech in Agricultural Engineering from Allahabad Agricultural Institute–Deemed University, India. He is involved in teaching, research and extension work.

Abstract:

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) grown easily throughout the year in high altitudes and it can strongly resist the conditions of drought. India is known to be the leading producer of finger millet (ragi). Finger millet is ranked fourth in the world among most important millets after sorghum, pearl millet and foxtail millet. Mostly it is subject to milling, malting, fermentation, popping, and decortications. The whole grain finger millet is high in protein, minerals and excellent source of iron. The amino acids lecithin and methionine help to cut down the cholesterol levels by eliminating extra fat from liver and threonine helps to block fat deposition in liver. Regular consumption of finger millet can reduce the chance of various lives threatening disease. It is not common in our diets so the chance of incorporating it into various types of food products holds a vast scope to study and research. And moreover variety of finger millet can probably transform food products into a magical food product. Based on finger millet the development of novel food products and value addition of food products can aid to nutritional security. Finger millet proves to be cheap source of health booster. Therefore, using traditional and modern or advance techniques to process finger millet for value addition or convenient food products can be a great idea to introduce it for better consumption. Mainly using it for the value addition of traditional food product, can diversify the food territory for nutritionally sustainable food availability to the common people who cannot afford expensive food products. Additional benefit of finger millet after processing is to use husk from it in underground storage for packaging material in pillows and cushions. The straw is a good fodder and it is also used to prepare beds for animals.

Biography:

Susruta Sen He has completed his Medical graduation from Calcutta Medical College; MD from University of Burdwan in 2005 and; PG Diploma in Diabetology from Annamalai University in 2007. At present, he is the sectional Head of Biochemistry at Calcutta Medical Research Institute and BM Birla Heart Research Center. He has validated biological reference intervals of different clinical biochemistry parameters among eastern Indian population. He investigated a comparative study of lipid profile between hypothyroid and euthyroid patients along with elucidation of the effect of alcohol on blood lipid profile. At present, he is investigating the exact relation involved in urinary micro albumin excretion and blood lipid profile changes in different stages of controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. He is also investigating the relation between HbA1c% and blood glucose value, and the interferences of different hemoglobin variants in the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin among the subjects with poor glycemia.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Diabetes has become a modern epidemic. Worldwide increase in the prevalence of type-2 diabetes is posing a massive health problem in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, more than 50% of the diabetic subjects remain unaware of their diabetes status, which adds to the disease burden. Till now estimation of blood glucose is the highly effective method for diagnosing diabetes mellitus but it provides a short-term picture of control. That is why, to study the patterns of glycemic control in diabetic subjects, measurement of hemoglobin (Hb)A1c by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become a widely used tool to monitor long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients. But it has been found that hemoglobin variants strongly interferes and affect HbA1c measurements in this process. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the HbA1c values measured on HPLC in patients who were detected to have hemoglobin variant after HbA1c analysis in order to avoid mismanagement of glycemic status in diabetic patients.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In the present study, we have investigated glycosylated hemoglobin and hemoglobin variants by the HPLC method. The rest of hematological tests were done in the Beckman Coulter instrument. We have enrolled all over 1200 study subjects in the present study. Among them 456 people were enrolled as non-diabetic and rest of the study subjects have type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. All of the study subjects enrolled in the present study was more than 19 years of age. The study was carried out in accordance with the code of ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki).

Findings: Our findings revealed that 65% of diabetic population have normal hemoglobin pattern, 23% subjects were found with beta thalassaemia trait, 7% subjects with HbE trait, 1.5% subjects were found to have HbE homozygous and rest of the subjects were found to have other kinds of hemoglobin variants like HbD, HbD Punjab heterozygous among the diabetic individuals. Average results of HbA1c, HbF, HbA and HbA2 were calculated and the mean value of each variable were compared by unpaired student’s two tailed t test to find out the significant difference between different variables.

Conclusion: So, we can conclude that HbA1c can be significantly altered by HbE trait and HbE homozygous variant. The more HbA2 or HbE concentration in blood, the more is the interference and lower is the HbA1c value. In case of beta thalassaemia trait, abnormal hemoglobin was found not so high, therefore, the interferences in HbA1c results is less than those with HbE trait and HbE homozygous variant.

Biography:

Subhadip Choudhuri is investigating the role of different lipoproteins, advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products, cell migration and adhesion molecules in the development of diabetic microvascular diseases. Major area of research interest includes investigating the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the metabolic deregulation and pathophysiology of pre-diabetes & type 2 diabetes mellitus and related microvascular dysfunction. He is the Fellow of National Academy of Biochemistry (American Association of Clinical Chemistry). He has completed his PhD in Biochemistry from University of Calcutta in 2013. He is the Reviewer of several international journals and has 20 international publications in high impact journals. At present, he is a Chief Biochemist and Research Scientist at GD Hospital and Diabetes Institute, Kolkata.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a form of microangiopathy, is one of the leading causes of blindness across the world. Among the different biochemical pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DR, the process of formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their mode of actions have been considered as major initiator of retinal micro vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). AGEs are non-enzymatically glycated and oxidized proteins or lipids, which accumulate in the vessel wall, where they may perturb vascular endothelial and pericyte cell structure and function. Apart from hyper-glycemic events, irreversibly proteins are also modified by non-enzymatic reaction of reactive carbonyl species, produced by lipid peroxidation and lipid metabolism among diabetic individuals. However, the term advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) comprises modified protein adducts, derived from malondialdehyde as well as other lipid peroxidation products.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In the present study, we have investigated whether AGEs and its late oxidative products in normal individuals without diabetes (HC), patients of type 2 DM without retinopathy (DNR) and patients of DR i.e. in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were significantly different. We have also measured serum lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) protein adduct (a potential ALE species) to understand the cross-talk of diabetes associated hyperlipidemia and ALEs in the occurrence of NPDR. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, spectrophotometry and flow cytometry techniques were employed to measure different glyco or lipoxidative products, lipids and reactive oxygen species from blood.

Findings: Serum AGEs and Nε-CML level was significantly elevated in subjects with PDR and NPDR compared to DNR subjects. Further vitreous AGEs and Nε-CML level was found extensively high among PDR subjects compared to control group. Reactive oxygen species production was found strikingly high among NPDR and PDR subjects as compared to DNR group. Serum and cellular total thiol level was decreased remarkably in NPDR and PDR subjects than those were considered as DNR. A robust linear relationship was observed in between MDA protein adduct and LDL or cholesterol or triglyceride level, and HEL and LDL or cholesterol or triglyceride level among MNPDR subjects.

Conclusion & Significance: Our findings suggest that AGEs mediated ROS are the key modulator for the development of NPDR among poorly controlled type 2 diabetic subjects whereas AGEs under persistent oxidative stress and deprived antioxidant state might instigate the pathogenic process of retinopathy from non-proliferative to proliferative state. Hyperlipidemia is also an important factor associated with increased ALEs formation in NPDR. Increased ALEs generation was found to be associated with the decreased availability of principle cellular reductants in NPDR, suggesting their detrimental role in the occurrence of early NPDR.

Biography:

Nazma Shaheen has her expertise in research and teaching in Nutrition particularly food composition, food functionality, micronutrient malnutrition and health. She has made significant achievements in food-composition-model that links at global level. Currently, she has been serving the Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka as Director. Her research covered the areas of nutrient content of foods, functionality of commonly consumed foods and heavy metals with food safety concerns.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Protein is a source of energy and the major functional and structural constituent of all cells of the body. Despite of protein’s endeavor of the anticipated roles, there is lack of valid and reliable information on amino acid composition and protein quality of commonly consumed foods of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and determines the worth of amino acid composition of the dietary protein by estimation of amino acid composition in 10 prioritized key foods of Bangladesh as major dietary protein sources.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Concentrations of standard amino acids were determined in the composite samples (representing 30 agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh) of 10 prioritized key dietary protein sources: Oryza sativa (rice), Triticum aestivum (wheat flour), Lens culinaris (lentils), Pangasius pangasius (pangas), Labeo rohita (rohu), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia), Bos taurus (milk), Gallus bankiva murgha (egg) and Gallus bankiva murgha (chicken leg & breast). Indispensable amino acids (IAAs) profile determines the quality of food protein rather than quantity of protein in a food.

Findings: IAAs contents (mg IAA/g protein), found to be highest in pangas (430) and lowest in wheat (336), of all these analyzed foods exceeded the FAO recommended daily allowance (277 mg IAA/g protein) and contributed on average 40% to total amino acid content. Digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) was calculated using published data on amino acids digestibility to evaluate the protein quality of these foods.

Conclusion & Significance: Un-truncated DIAAS values ranged from 51% (lysine) in wheat to 106% (histidine) in pangas and distinguished pangas, rohu, and tilapia containing excellent quality protein (DIAAS>100%) with potential to complement lower quality protein of cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Explore new approaches of protein quality evaluation and its implications in the local context for complimentary feeding and food supplementation to promote growth of young children.